Nihilistic Creation: From Ramones to the Early American Hardcore Punk in an Age of Diminishing Expectations

Authors

  • Sangheon Lee University of Huddersfield

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5429/2079.387(2025)v15i1.8en

Keywords:

hardcore punk, urgency, nihilism, music analysis, United States of America, 1970s-80s

Abstract

This article explores hardcore punk as a form of nihilistic creation—an approach that goes far beyond its usual characterisation as simply a faster, harder form of punk rock. From an existential perspective, the hardcore punk movement embodies the nihilism of its time, notably in the temporal structure of the songs, thereby forging a singular aesthetic. While the radical simplification introduced by the Ramones paved the way, it was through bands such as Black Flag, Circle Jerks, Bad Brains and D.R.I. that the phenomenon took a more definite shape, using condensed temporality, rhythmic breaks and lack of progression, while maintaining a basic pop-song structure—thus simultaneously calling into question the very idea of innovation. This nihilism gave rise to an aesthetic of urgency, in which temporality became a vehicle for protest. This article therefore proposes a re-reading of nihilism as a paradoxical form of creation, redefining the link between music and meaning.

References

Arendt, H. 1962. The Origins of Totalitarianism. Cleveland; New York: Meridan Books.

Azerrad, M. 2001. One Band Could Be Your Life: Scenes from the American Indie Underground 1981-1991. New York: Back Bay Books/Little, Brown and Company.

Bell, D. 1979. The Cultural Contradictions of Capitalism. 2nd ed. London: Heinemann.

Bloom, A. 1987. The Closing of the American Mind. New York: Simon & Schuster.

Blush, S. 2010. American Hardcore: A Tribal History. Port Townsend, WA: Feral House. Second Edition.

Budde, D. 1997. Take three chords... Punkrock und die Entwicklung zum American Hardcore. Schriften zur Popularmusikforschung. Hambourg: Coda.

Camus, A. 2000. The Rebel. Translated by A. Bower. London: Penguin Classics.

Chick, S. 2011. Spray Paint the Walls: The Story of Black Flag. Oakland: PM Press.

Cope, A. L. 2010. Black Sabbath and the Rise of Heavy Metal Music. Farnham: Ashgate.

Dale, P. 2020. “Punk as Folk.” In G. McKay and G. Arnold Ed. The Oxford Handbook of Punk Rock. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Deleuze, G. 1965. Nietzsche. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.

Easley, D. B. 2011. “It’s Not My Imagination, I’ve Got a Gun on My Back!”: Style and Sound in Early American Hardcore Punk, 1978-1983. PhD. Florida State University, Tallahassee. http://purl.flvc.org/fsu/fd/FSU_migr_etd-0606

Gawoll, H-J. 1989. Nihilismus und Metaphysik. Stuttgart-Bad Cannstatt: Frommann-Holzboog.

Hanscomb, S. 2020. “Shot by Both Sides: Punk Attitude and Existentialism.” Existential Analysis 31, no. 1: 4–19.

Healy, G. 2024. Nihilism and the “death of God” in the work of Siouxsie and the Banshees, Punk & Post-Punk 13 (1): 7–25. https://doi.org/10.1386/punk_00229_1

Headlam, D. 1995. Does the Song Remain the Same?: Questions of Authorship and Identification in the Music of Led Zeppelin. In E. W. Marvin and R. Hermann Ed. Concert Music, Rock, and Jazz since 1945: Essays and Analytical Studies, New York: University of Rochester Press: 313 363.

Heidegger, M. 1991. Nietzsche IV. Translated by F. A. Capuzzi. New York, HarperCollins.

Hennion, A. 2007. La Passion Musicale : Une Sociologie de La Médiation. Édition revue et corrigée. Paris: Métailié.

Iwauchi, S. 2019. 新しい哲学の教科書、現代実在論入門. Tokyo: Kodansha.

Laing, D. 2015. One Chord Wonders: Power and Meaning in Punk Rock. Oakland: PM Press.

Lasch, C. 2018. The Culture of Narcissism: American Life in an Age of Diminishing Expectations. New York: W. W. Norton & Company: Reissue with a new introduction.

Lee, S. –

Urgence et nihilisme : l’émergence du punk hardcore américain. PhD, Université Gustave Eiffel, Marne-la-Vallée.

https://theses.hal.science/tel-03848004/file/TH2022UEFL2012.pdf

a. Une mise en musique de l’urgence et du nihilisme : la naissance du punk hardcore américain. Revue française d’études américaines 180 (3): 105-122. https://doi.org/10.3917/rfea.180.0105.

b. Black Flag, Minor Threat, and the Revival of Traditional Values in American Hardcore Punk. Revue musicale OICRM 11 (2): p. 216-222. https://revuemusicaleoicrm.org/rmo-vol11-n2/black-flag-minor-threat/

Punk Rock Nihilism: A Suggestion about the Usage of the Term. In E. Avery-Natale, M. Dines et G. Healy Ed. Being and Punk: Essays at the Intersections of Punk and Philosophy. Bristol; Chicago: Intellect (forthcoming).

Lemmens, K. 2015. Nihilisme et création : Lectures de Nietzsche, Musil, Kundera, Aquin. Laval: Les Presses de Université Laval.

Lipovetsky, G. 1983. L’ère du vide: Essais sur l’individualisme contemporain. Paris: Gallimard.

Lipsitz, G. 1990. Time Passages: Collective Memory and American Popular Culture. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

Lovell, S. 1998. “Nihilism, Russian.” In E. Craig Ed. Routledge Encyclopaedia of Philosophy, London; New York: Routledge: 5–8.

MacLeod, D. 2010. Kids of The Black Hole. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.

Marcus, G. 2009. Lipstick Traces: A Secret History of The Twentieth Century. Twentieth Anniversary Edition. London: Faber and Faber.

Marmysz, J. 2003. Laughing at Nothing: Humor as a Response to Nihilism. Albany: State University of New York Press.

Mattson, K. 2020. We’re not here to entertain: Punk Rock, Ronald Reagan, and the Real Culture War of 1980s America. Oxford: Oxford University Press

Moore, R. 2004. “Postmodernism and Punk Subculture: Cultures of Authenticity and Deconstruction.” The Communication Review, no. 7: 305–27.

Nietzsche, F. 1980. Nachgelassen Fragmente Herbst 1887, NF-1997, In Kritische Studienausgabe (KSA), vol. 12. München: Walter de Gruyter & Co.

Pearson, D. M. 2019. Extreme Hardcore Punk and the Analytical Challenges of Rhythm, Riffs, and Timbre in Punk Music. In Society for Music Theory 25 (1). https://mtosmt.org/issues/mto.19.25.1/mto.19.25.1.pearson.php Accessed: 13 November 2024.

Pirenne, C. 2011. Une histoire musicale du rock. Paris: Fayard.

Pozefsky, P. C. 2003. The Nihilist Imagination: Dmitrii Pisarev and the Cultural Origins of Russian Radicalism (1860-1868). New York and Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang.

Rapport, E. 2014. “Hearing Punk as Blues.” Popular Music 33, no. 1: 39–67.

Rettman, T. 2017. Straight Edge: A Clear-Headed Hardcore Punk History. New York: Bazillion Points.

Reynolds, S. 2006. Rip it up and start again: postpunk 1978-1984. London: Faber and Faber.

Riedel, M. 1978. Nihilismus. In Geschichtliche Grundbegriffe: Historisches Lexikon zur politisch-sozialen Sprache in Deutschland, Volume 4, Mi-Pre: 371-411.

Rombes, N. 2005. Ramones. 33 1/3. New York: Bloomsbury Academic.

Steinbrecher, B. 2016. Das Klanggeschehen in Populärer Musik: Perspektiven Einer Systematischen Analyse Und Interpretation. Cologne; Weimar; Vienne: Böhlau Verlag.

Thompson, S. 2004. Punk Productions: Unfinished Business. New York: State University of New York Press.

Turgenev, I. 2008. Fathers and Sons. Translated by R. Freeborn, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Tsitsos, W. 1999. “Rules of Rebellion: Slamdancing, Moshing, and the American Alternative Scene.” Popular Music 18, no. 3: 397–414.

True, E. 2002. Hey Ho Let’s Go: The Story of the Ramones. Omnibus.

Vattimo, G. 1985. La Fin de La Modernité. Trans. C. Alunni. Paris: Éditions du Seuil.

Waksman, S. 2009. This Ain’t the Summer of Love: Conflict and Crossover in Heavy Metal and Punk. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Woodward, A. 2009. Nihilism in Postmodernity: Lyotard, Baudrillard, Vattimo. Aurora, Colorado: The Davries Group.

Fanzine Articles

Tonooka, T. 1980 Black Flag interview in Ripper. Ripper 3, 6 September.

http://www.dementlieu.com/users/obik/arc/blackflag/int_ripper3.html. Accessed: 26 November 2023.

Discography

Bad Brains, 1979, Pay to Cum/Stay Close to Me, self-produced, USA.

Black Flag. 1979. Nervous Breakdown EP, SST, USA.

Black Flag. 1983. Everything Went Black, SST, USA.

The Circle Jerks. 1980. Group Sex, Frontier, USA.

D.R.I. 1983. Dirty Rotten EP, R Radical, USA.

Minor Threat. 1981. Minor Threat 7” EP, Dischord, USA.

The Teen Idles. 1981. Minor Disturbance 7” EP, Dischord, USA.

Various Artists. 1982. Flex Your Head, Dischord, USA.

Videography

American Hardcore: The History of American Punk Rock 1980-1986. 2006. Dir. Paul Rachman. Sony Pictures.

BLAIR, E. (2019) Ex-Black Flag Bassist Kira Roessler talks in Depth [Online video]. Available from: https://youtu.be/_9gdqZz67iU. Accessed 26 November 2023.

Downloads

Published

22-05-2025

Issue

Section

Articles – Open Section