Meeting Josh Groban (Again): Fan/Celebrity Contact as Ordinary Behavior

Authors

  • Gayle Stever Empire State College State University of New York

Keywords:

Fan, Celebrity, Parasocial, Ethnography, Audiences

Abstract

In a participant-observer ethnographic study, the researcher offers evidence from 10 years of observation of the Josh Groban fandom as an example of fans becoming friendly acquaintances of celebrities. Contrary to the way much of the psychological literature depicts fans, as celebrity worshippers or stalkers, the largest percentage of the fans observed in this study showed normal social engagement with others outside of their fan activity, and a friendly acquaintanceship with Groban that is similar to other kinds of relationships happening outside of the context of mediated relationships. Fans who pursued these relationships did so within a social context and network of other fans in most cases. Connection through music, relief from various kinds of life stressors, or the desire to participate in charity efforts are offered as some of the explanations for what motivates the fan to seek out this kind of relationship with an attractive media persona. Keywords: fan, celebrity, parasocial, ethnography, audience

Author Biography

Gayle Stever, Empire State College State University of New York

Associate Professor of Psychology

References

Bibliography

Atkinson, P. and Hammersley, M. 1994. Ethnography and Participant Observation. In N. K. Denzin and Y. S. Lincoln Eds. Handbook of Qualitative Research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage: 248-261.

Bennett, L. 2014. Fan/Celebrity Interactions and Social Media: Connectivity and Engagement in Lady Gaga Fandom. In L. Duits, K. Zwaan and S. Reijnders Eds. The Ashgate Research Companion to Fan Cultures. Farnham: Ashgate: 109-120.

Blumer, H. 1969. Symbolic Interactionism: Perspective and Method. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

Cavicchi, D. 1998. Tramps Like Us: Music and Meaning Among Springsteen Fans. New York: Oxford University Press.

Charmaz, K. 2008. Grounded Theory as an Emergent Method. In S.N. Hesse-Biber and P. Leavy Eds. Handbook of Emergent Methods. New York: The Guilford Press: 155-172.

Click, M. et al. 2013. Making Monsters: Lady Gaga, Fan Identification, and Social Media. Popular Music and Society 36 (3): 360-379. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03007766.2013.798546

Des Barres, P. and Navarro, D. 2005. I’m with the Band: Confessions of a Groupie. Chicago: Review Press.

Dilling-Hansen, L. 2015. Affective Fan Experiences of Lady Gaga. Transformative Works and Cultures 20.

http://dx.doi.org/10.3983/twc.2015.0662

Duffett, M. –

Understanding Fandom: An Introduction to the Study of Media Fan Culture. New York: Bloomsbury.

Celebrity: The Return of the Repressed in Fan Studies? In L. Duits, K. Zwaan and S. Reijnders Eds. The Ashgate Research Companion to Fan Cultures. Farnham: Ashgate: 163-180.

Ferris, K. O. –

Through a Glass, Darkly: The Dynamics of Fan-Celebrity Encounters. Symbolic Interaction 24 (1): 25-47.

http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1525/si.2001.24.1.25

Seeing and Being Seen: The Moral Order of Celebrity Sightings. Journal of Contemporary Ethnography 33 (3): 236-264.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0891241604263585

Threat Management: Moral and Actual Entrepreneurship in the Control of Celebrity Stalking. In S. Burns Ed. Ethnographies of Law and Social Control. New York: JAI/Elsevier Science Press: 9-29.

Giles, D. 2010. Psychology of the Media. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

Hartmann, T. and Goldhoorn, C. 2011. Horton and Wohl Revisited: Exploring Viewer’s Experience of Parasocial Interaction. Journal of Communication, 61 (6): 1104-1121.

http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1111/j.1460-2466.2011.01595.x

Horton, D. and Wohl, R. 1956. Mass Communication and Para-social Interaction: Observations on Intimacy at a Distance. Psychiatry 19 (3): 215-230.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/00332747.1956.11023049

Jenkins, H. 1992. Textual Poachers: Television Fans and Participatory Culture. London and New York: Routledge.

Kelliher, F. 2005. Interpretivism and the Pursuit of Research Legitimisation: An Integrated Approach to Single Case Design. The Electronic Journal of Business Research Methodology 3 (2): 123-132. http://www.ejbrm.com/issue/download.html?idArticle=156; Accessed: 25 September 2016.

Klimmt, C. et al. 2006. Parasocial Interactions and Relationships. In Bryant, J. and Vorderer, P. Eds. Psychology of Entertainment. London and New York: Routledge: 291-313.

Leets, L. et al. 1995. Fans Exploring Expressed Motivations for Contacting Celebrities. Journal of Language and Social Psychology 14 (1-2): 102-123.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0261927X95141006

Maltby, J. et al. 2006. Extreme Celebrity Worship, Fantasy Proneness and Dissociation: Developing the Measurement and Understanding of Celebrity Worship Within a Clinical Personality Context. Personality and Individual Differences 40 (2): 273-283.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2005.07.004

McCutcheon, L. E. et al. –

A Cognitive Profile of Individuals Who Tend to Worship Celebrities. Journal of Psychology 137 (4): 309-322.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00223980309600616

Further Validation of an Indirect Measure of Celebrity Stalking. Journal of Studies in Social Sciences 14 (1): 75-91.

http://infinitypress.info/index.php/jsss/article/view/1268

Merriam-Webster 2004. Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary. Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster.

Mittell, J. 2006. Narrative Complexity in Contemporary American Television. The Velvet Light Trap 58 (1): 29-40.

Reijnders, S. et al. 2014. Close Encounters: Ritualizing Proximity in the Age of Celebrity: An Ethnographic Analysis of Meet-and-Greets with Dutch Singer Marco Borsato. European Journal of Cultural Studies 17 (2): 149-169.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367549413508098

Rubin, R. B. and McHugh, M. P. 1987. Development of Parasocial Interaction Relationships. Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media 31 (3): 279-292.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08838158709386664

Sacks, O. 2010. Musicophilia: Tales of Music and the Brain. Toronto: Vintage Canada.

Stever, G.S. –

The Celebrity Appeal Questionnaire: Sex, Entertainment or Leadership. Psychological Reports 103 (1): 113-120.

http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.103.1.113-120

a. Fan/Celebrity Symbiotic Social Relationships: A Participant-Observer Ethnography of Fan Clubs. International Communications Association: Theme: Keywords in Communication, Chicago, IL, May 22-26, 2009.

b. Parasocial and Social Interaction with Celebrities: Classification of Media Fans. Journal of Media Psychology 14 (3): 1-39.

a. Celebrity Worship: Critiquing a Construct. Journal of Applied Social Psychology 41 (6): 1356-1370.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2011.00765.x

b. Fan Behavior and Lifespan Development Theory: Explaining Para-social and Social Attachment to Celebrities. Journal of Adult Development 18 (1): 1-7.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10804-010-9100-0

c. 1989 vs. 2009: A Comparative Analysis of Music Superstars Michael Jackson and Josh Groban, and Their Fans. Journal of Media Psychology 16 (1): 1-30.

Mediated vs. Parasocial Relationships: An Attachment Perspective. Journal of Media Psychology 17 (3): 1-31.

Evolutionary Theory and Reactions to Mass Media: Understanding Parasocial Attachment. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, advance online publication.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/ppm0000116

Stever, G. S., and Lawson, K. 2013. Twitter as a Way for Celebrities To Communicate With Fans: Implications for the Study of Parasocial Interaction. North American Journal of Psychology 15 (2): 339-354.

Thorne, S. 2011. An Exploratory Investigation of the Theorized Levels of Consumer Fanaticism. Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal 14 (2): 160-173.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13522751111120675

Willis, P. and Trondman, M. 2000. Manifesto for Ethnography. Ethnography 1 (1), 5-16.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14661380022230679

Zubernis, L. and Larsen, K. 2012. Fandom at the Crossroads: Celebration, Shame and Fan/Producer Relationships. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.

Interview

Anonymous [19-year-old female]. 1989. Interview with Gayle Stever, Los Angeles, CA, January.

Videography

CBC Canada 2003. Interview on the Bed, 18 February, CBC Canada.

ET Canada Global TV 2015. Entertainment Tonight Canada EPS (2513), 10 June, EPS Shaw Media.

VH1 2003. Cribs, 26 November, MTV Productions.

Downloads

Published

08-11-2016

Issue

Section

Articles – Special Issue